A famous quote from John Von Neumann goes like this,
Anyone who considers arithmetical methods of producing random digits is, of course, in a state of sin.
This is something I've intuitively believed since I
was 15 and even hadn't heard of Neumann. Pure random numbers is
(or probably more) as fascinating concept as ∞ or i. It is
impossible to generate sequence of purely random numbers without
tapping in to nature. That means I could never write a computer code
that generates a sequence of random numbers without showing up
absolutely any patterns in a long run. There are only better random
generators, never a perfect one, except thy nature itself.
So when I saw an article that digits of Pi are so far empirically
proven to be randomly distributed, I was shocked. Infect huge progress
has been made to prove that digits of Pi are indeed randomly
distributed. Now the fact is, π can indeed be calculated algebraically (i.e.
without tapping in to any natural phenomenon) and the idea that this
can produce a pure random distribution just gives me a feeling as if
sky is falling. I'd been hypothesizing since long time that the ability
to generate infinite sequence of pure random numbers is the most significant (and
probably the only) property to identify the existence of real universe, if it at all exist, that is ;). Consider this
question: How do you know, at this precise moment, that you aren't part
of some simulation running on some huge alien computer, or that you
aren't some character in StarTrek holosuit or that you aren't dreaming
with all these things around you (however "real" they may feel) aren't
really "real"? Ok, it's hard to explain
what I'm asking you but in nutshell, I'm trying to find out from pure
mathematical perspective if there is anything in the nature that I
can't masquerade, a property of the physical world around us that is
impossible to simulate by any artificial means however sophisticated.
My hypothesis is that this property of the real world is
an ability to generate infinite sequence of pure random
numbers. That means, if you really
want to find out whether you are some simulation running in a giant
alien
computer, all you have to do is to
observe some natural phenomenon over a time with precision P and verify
that your readings demonstrate pure randomness over the period of time
T, where the P and T depends on sophistication of that alien
simulation. The P and T can be very large but can never be infinity,
except unless you are in the real world, of course. This is the mathematician's version of "I exist because I think".
So now you know why randomness of digits of pi made my stomach
cringe. When I think about
it, I'm starting to feel that any transcendental number obtained
through convergence of infinite series (lets call them
algebric transcendentals or ATs) must indeed have
its digits distributed randomly. If you remember Cantor, there are more
transcendental numbers than any other kind. But what this really means
is I'm able to generate sequence of pure
random
numbers only using algebric means. It's as simple as finding new AT and
emitting its digits. If you were someone who had given lot of thoughts
to the nature of random numbers for years,
this would sound both frightening and exciting to you. But hold on,
could this really be true? After giving this some thought I believe
it couldn't possibly be. I've finally constructed the following
conjecture: From a finite sequence of minimum length L of digits of any AT, there exist a Turing machine program G(L)
to calculate the next digit in that sequence in finite steps. In
other words, for any AT there always exist a number L which is finite and for which G(L) is a computable function. In simple language, if you just give me sequence of AT's digits I should be able to predict
the next digits provided you gave me enough of them to start with. This simply means if the alien computer
was trieng to
fool you by feeding you digits of some AT as a stream
of random numbers, you can just sit back, collect these digits for a
while and when you get handful of those, you can run through your
algorithm to predict the next digits and find out you are not really in
a real world (and also the fact that aliens didn't knew about Shital's AT
Conjecture)! So random distribution is not the one and only property to
identify
a
sequence of pure random numbers. The
sequence of pure random numbers would not satiesfy this conjecture
(i.e. L
would be ∞). Infect this should be outright obvious: For sequence of natural numbers 0, 1, 2, ... we have all digits equally distributed but this sequence isn't by any means random.
This also gets us on to something else: the L now becomes a
valuable property of an AT. A random number with infinite digits can be considered as a special class of AT with L = ∞. Let's call set of all such number Ρ (greek capital letter Rho) then the cardinality of Ρ should be Aleph-1.
If all of this went over your head, here is fun part: Here you can
look it up if your phone number has showed up in digits of pi
calculated so far or even your name expressed as hex codes! For example, I can be found in pi at 67357954th digit ;).
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